Trying out NestJS part 1: Setting up dev environment for your React / NestJS applications that rocks

Introduction

In the context of my current job, I wanted to evaluate the various existing backend frameworks based on NodeJS. Why is that? The only Node.js backend framework I had ever used so far was express, which is an awesome light-weight framework, but that doesn't have any opinion whatsover on how you should structure your app.

During my investigation, I came across NestJS several times. The most appealing thing to me was its thorough documentation and its large ecosystem. I was especially interested in the OpenAPI integration, which I knew could greatly improve the frontend development experience when coupled with a code generator. In the end, I decided to create a small POC to see whether it would be a fit.

Specifications of the project

Functional requirements

The POC is going to be a minimal, hideous "TODO list" app (styling is not in the scope of this endeavor). In this POC, I'll be able to:

Add tasks,
Remove tasks,
List all tasks

Technical requirements

Use Typescript everywhere.
NestJS for the backend.
React for the frontend.
Tasks are saved in a Postgres DB.
Redis is used for caching responses.
API endpoints are documented using OpenAPI.
API endpoints' parameters are validated in the backend.
Frontend code related to the API endpoints is auto-generated.
The development environment is set up in docker.
Monorepo containing both the backend and the frontend.

Building the project

The source code for this part of the project is available here: https://github.com/arnaud-cortisse/trying-out-nestjs-part-1.

Setting up Docker dev environment

Since I took Docker and Kubernetes: The Complete Guide and Microservices with Node JS and React courses, I've been a huge fan of setting up my dev environment inside docker instances instead of setting it up directly on my machine. I love the fact that I can have everything up and running with a single command, without having to worry about dependency conflicts (is my current version of NPM compatible with that project?, etc.).

A few commands to execute

Install the Nest CLI: npm i -g @nestjs/cli (you might need to prefix it with sudo)
Create an empty folder: mkdir todo-list-app
Go inside the folder: cd todo-list-app
Init npm package: npm init -y
Init git, if you want to save your work: git init
Create frontend folder: mkdir -p packages/react-app
Create backend folder: mkdir -p packages/nestjs
Create the React app: npx create-react-app packages/react-app --template typescript
Create the NestJS app: nest new packages/nestjs
Delete the .git folder automatically created by NestJS: rm -rf packages/nestjs/.git
Create frontend env variables file: touch packages/react-app/.env.dev
Create backend env variables file: touch packages/nestjs/.env.dev
Create frontend Dockerfile for dev environment: touch packages/react-app/Dockerfile.dev
Create backend Dockerfile for dev environment: touch packages/nestjs/Dockerfile.dev
Create docker-compose file for dev environment: touch docker-compose.yml
Create frontend .dockerignore file: touch packages/react-app/.dockerignore
Create backend .dockerignore file: touch packages/nestjs/.dockerignore

A few files to fill / change

packages/react-app/Dockerfile.dev

FROM node:alpine
WORKDIR /app

COPY package.json .
RUN npm install --legacy-peer-deps
COPY . .

CMD ["npm", "run", "start"]

--legacy-peer-deps is just a temporary fix for https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/9515.

packages/nestjs/Dockerfile.dev

FROM node:alpine

WORKDIR /app
RUN npm install -g @nestjs/cli
COPY package.json .
RUN npm install
COPY . .

CMD ["npm", "run", "start:dev"]

Nothing crazy here, but we just make sure we install the NestJS CLI globally before doing anything else.

packages/react-app/.env.dev

REACT_APP_BACKEND_SCHEMA=http
REACT_APP_BACKEND_HOSTNAME=localhost
REACT_APP_BACKEND_PORT=3001
CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING=true

CHOKIDAR_USEPOLLING is required when developing inside a docker container and using create-react-app (https://github.com/facebook/create-react-app/issues/1049#issuecomment-261731734). The other variables are defined so that we can communicate with the NestJS API.

packages/nestjs/.env.dev

NEST_PORT=3001
PGHOST=postgres
PGPORT=5432
PGUSER=postgres
PGPASSWORD=example
PGDATABASE=postgres
REDIS_HOST=redis
REDIS_PORT=6379
REDIS_PASSWORD=password
REDIS_TTL=10

We define the port on which NestJS will run as well as the Postgres and Redis configs.

packages/react-app/.dockerignore

node_modules

We don't want the local node_modules folder to be copied over the instance.

packages/nestjs/.dockerignore

node_modules

docker-compose.yml

version: "3.5"

services:
  nestjs:
    build:
      context: ./packages/nestjs
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    env_file:
     - ./packages/nestjs/.env.dev
    ports:
      - 3001:3001
    volumes:
      - ./packages/nestjs/:/app
      - /app/node_modules

  react_app:
    build:
      context: ./packages/react-app
      dockerfile: Dockerfile.dev
    env_file:
     - ./packages/react-app/.env.dev
    ports:
      - 3000:3000
    volumes:
      - ./packages/react-app/:/app
      - /app/node_modules

  postgres:
    image: postgres:13.1
    environment:
      POSTGRES_PASSWORD: example
    ports:
     - 5432:5432

  redis:
    image: redis:6.2-rc1
    environment:
      REDIS_PASSWORD: password

  redis_commander:
    image: rediscommander/redis-commander:latest
    restart: always
    environment:
      - REDIS_HOSTS=local:redis:6379
    ports:
      - 8081:8081
    depends_on:
      - redis

nestjs is our backend.
react_app is our frontend.
postgres is going to be used to store the tasks.
redis is going to be used by NestJS to cache responses.
redis_commander is just a tool that allows us to examine the Redis DB quickly.
volumes under react_app and nestjs is key to get auto-reload whenever you modify files inside your editor. The only annoying thing with this setup is that you'll need to rebuild your docker images whenever you add a new dependency inside your node_modules (see https://github.com/BretFisher/node-docker-good-defaults for fixes).

packages/nestjs/src/main.ts

import { NestFactory } from '@nestjs/core';
import { AppModule } from './app.module';

async function bootstrap() {
  const app = await NestFactory.create(AppModule);
  await app.listen(process.env.NEST_PORT);
}
bootstrap();

Modify the port the app is listening to using the process.env.NEST_POST environment variable (defined in packages/nestjs/.env.dev).

Test current setup

You should now be able to start your dev environment typing docker-compose up in the root directory.

You can then go to the following addresses:

localhost:3000 --> React app.
localhost:3001 --> NestJS app.
localhost:8081 --> Redis Commander (which should be connected to your Redis instance).

Final words

With the current state, I've a working dev environment inside dev containers. All I have to do to get started is docker-compose up (sometimes, I have to do a docker-compose up --build, depending on whether or not new npm packages have been installed). Whenever I update any .ts files in my code editor, the apps are reloaded accordingly, making it a very pleasant dev experience for the task at hand: asserting whether or not NestJS is going to be a good fit for me by developing a POC.

Part 2 is available here.